Type converter pattern

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To create maps for these types, we must supply a custom type converter, and we have three ways of doing so:. The first option is simply any function that takes a source and returns a destination there are several overloads too.

This works for simple cases, but becomes unwieldy for larger ones. During serialization or deserialization, a converter is chosen for each JSON element in the following order, listed from highest priority to lowest:. If multiple custom converters for a type are registered in the Converters collection, the first converter that returns true for CanConvert is used.

The following sections provide converter samples that address some common scenarios that built-in functionality doesn't handle. For a sample DataTable converter, see Supported collection types. When deserializing to a property of type object , a JsonElement object is created. The reason is that the deserializer doesn't know what CLR type to create, and it doesn't try to guess. Type inference can be inaccurate. If the deserializer parses a JSON number that has no decimal point as a long , that might result in out-of-range issues if the value was originally serialized as a ulong or BigInteger.

Parsing a number that has a decimal point as a double might lose precision if the number was originally serialized as a decimal. For scenarios that require type inference, the following code shows a custom converter for object properties. The code converts:. The example shows the converter code and a WeatherForecast class with object properties. The Main method deserializes a JSON string into a WeatherForecast instance, first without using the converter, and then using the converter.

The console output shows that without the converter the run time type for the Date property is JsonElement ; with the converter, the run time type is DateTime. The unit tests folder in the System. Serialization namespace has more examples of custom converters that handle deserialization to object properties. The following example of JSON to deserialize contains values that will be deserialized as DateTime , long , and string :.

That is, the key must be a string. To support a dictionary with an integer or some other type as the key, a custom converter is required. The converter can serialize and deserialize the TemperatureRanges property of the following class that uses the following Enum :. Serialization namespace has more examples of custom converters that handle non-string-key dictionaries.

Built-in features provide a limited range of polymorphic serialization but no support for deserialization at all. Deserialization requires a custom converter.

Suppose, for example, you have a Person abstract base class, with Employee and Customer derived classes. Polymorphic deserialization means that at design time you can specify Person as the deserialization target, and Customer and Employee objects in the JSON are correctly deserialized at run time. During deserialization, you have to find clues that identify the required type in the JSON. The kinds of clues available vary with each scenario.

For example, a discriminator property might be available or you might have to rely on the presence or absence of a particular property. The current release of System.

Json doesn't provide attributes to specify how to handle polymorphic deserialization scenarios, so custom converters are required. The following code shows a base class, two derived classes, and a custom converter for them. The converter uses a discriminator property to do polymorphic deserialization. The type discriminator isn't in the class definitions but is created during serialization and is read during deserialization.

The converter can deserialize JSON that was created by using the same converter to serialize, for example:. The converter code in the preceding example reads and writes each property manually. An alternative is to call Deserialize or Serialize to do some of the work. For an example, see this StackOverflow post.

A disadvantage of this method is you can't pass in the original options instance that registers the converter to Deserialize. Doing so would cause a stack overflow, as explained in Required properties.